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63、五子者，有荀扬。文中子，及老庄。

（今译）五子是指荀子、扬子、文中子、老子和庄子。他们所写的书，便称为子书。


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64、经子通，读诸史。考世系，知终始。

（今译）经书和子书读熟了以后，再读史书、读史时必须要考究各朝各代的世系，明白他们盛衰的原因，才能从历史中记取教训。


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65、自羲农，至黄帝。号三皇，居上世。

（今译）自伏羲氏、神农氏到黄帝，这三位上古时代的帝王都能勤政爱民、非常伟大，因此后人尊称他们为“三皇”。


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66、唐有虞，号二帝。相揖逊，称盛世。

（今译）黄帝之后，有唐尧和虞舜二位帝王，尧认为自己的儿子不肖，而把帝位传给了才德兼备的舜，在两位帝王治理下，天下太平，人人称颂。


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68、夏传子，家天下。四百载，迁夏社。

（今译）禹把帝位传给自己的儿子，从此天下就成为一个家族所有的了。经过四百多年，夏被汤灭掉，从而结束了它的统治。


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69、汤伐夏，国号商，六百载，至纣亡。

（今译）汤朝征讨夏朝，定国号为商，过了六百多年，直到纣的灭亡。


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70、周武王，始诛纣。八百载，最长久。

（今译）周武王起兵灭掉商朝，杀死纣王，建立周朝，周朝的历史最长，前后延续了八百多年。


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67、夏有禹，商有汤。周文武，称三王。

（今译）夏朝的开国君主是禹，商朝的开国君主是汤，周朝的开国君主是文王和武王。这几个德才兼备的君王被后人称为三王。