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《孙子兵法》九地第十一④

整章朗读


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九地之变，屈伸之力，人情之理，不可不察也。　

九种地形的应变处置，攻防进退的利害得失，全军上下的心理状态，这些都是作为将帅不能不认真研究和周密考察的。　　


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凡为客之道，深则专，浅则散。

在敌国境内作战的规律是：深入敌境则军心稳固，浅入敌境则军心容易涣散。


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去国越境而师者，绝地也；四彻者，衢地也；

进入敌境进行作战的称为绝地；四通八达的地区叫做衢地；


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入深者，重地也；入浅者，轻地也；

进入敌境纵深的地区叫做重地；进入敌境浅的地区叫做轻地；


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背固前隘者，围地也；无所往者，死地也。　

背有险阻前有隘路的地区叫围地；无路可走的地区就是死地。


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是故散地吾将一其志，轻地吾将使之属，

因此，在散地，要统一军队意志；在轻地，要使营阵紧密相连；


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争地吾将趋其后，交地吾将谨其守，

在争地，要迅速出兵抄到敌人的后面；在交地，就要谨慎防守；


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交地吾将固其结，衢地吾将谨其恃，

在衢地，就要巩固与列国的结盟；


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重地吾将继其食，泛地吾将进其途，

入重地，就要保障军粮供应；在圮地，就必须迅速通过；


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围地吾将塞其阙，死地吾将示之以不活。　

陷入围地，就要堵塞缺口；到了死地，就要显示死战的决心。


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故兵之情：围则御，不得已则斗，过则从。

所以，士卒的心理状态是：陷入包围就会竭力抵抗，形势逼迫就会拚死战斗，身处绝境就会听从指挥。