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36、曰平上，曰去入。此四声，宜调协。

（今译）中国古代把说话声音的声调分为平、上、去、入四种。四声的运用必须和谐，听起来才能使人舒畅。


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28、马牛羊，鸡犬豕。此六畜，人所饲。

（今译）马、牛、羊、鸡、狗和猪，这六种动物称为六畜。这些动物原来都是野生的，后来被人们渐渐驯化后才成为人类帮手和食物。


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17、曰水火，木金土。此五行，本乎数。

（今译）“五行”，就是金、木、水、火、土。这是中国古代用来指宇宙各种事物的抽象概念，是根据一、二、三、四、五这五个数字和组合变化而产生的。


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18、十干者，甲至癸。十二支，子至亥。

（今译）“十干”指的是甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸，又叫“天干”；“十二支”指的是子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥，又叫“地支”，是古代记时的标记。


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24、曰仁义，礼智信。此五常，不容紊。

（今译）如果所有的人都能以仁、义、礼、智、信这五种不变的法则作为处事做人的标准，社会就会永葆祥和，所以每个人都应遵守，不可怠慢疏忽。


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29、曰喜怒，曰哀惧。爱恶欲，七情俱。

（今译）高兴叫做喜，生气叫做怒，伤心叫做哀，害怕叫做惧，心里喜欢叫爱，讨厌叫恶，内心很贪恋叫做欲，合起来叫七情。这是人生下来就有的七种感情。


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35、匏土革，木石金。丝与竹，乃八音。

（今译）匏瓜、陶土、皮革、木头、玉石、金属、丝弦和竹子这八种东西是用来制造乐器的主要原料，古人称这八种材料制成的乐器为“八音”。笙、埙、鼓、板、磬、钟、琴、箫是八音的代表乐器。


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27、稻粱菽，麦黍稷。此六谷，人所食。

（今译）稻子、小米、小麦、大豆、玉米和高粱，这六种谷类统称为“六谷”，“六谷”是人类的主要食粮，人们需要食用它们以维持生命。