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《孙子兵法》始计第一③

整章朗读


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计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。

听从了有利于克敌制胜的计策，还要创造一种势态，作为协助我方军事行动的外部条件。


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势者，因利而制权也。

势，就是按照我方建立优势、掌握战争主动权的需要，根据具体情况采取不同的相应措施。


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兵者，诡道也。

用兵作战，就是诡诈。


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故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，

因此，有能力而装做没有能力，实际上要攻打而装做不攻打，


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近而示之远，远而示之近。

欲攻打近处却装做攻打远处，攻打远处却装做攻打近处。


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利而诱之，乱而取之，

对方贪利就用利益诱惑他，对方混乱就趁机攻取他，


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实而备之，强而避之，

当敌人实力雄厚时要防备他可能进攻自己，当敌人力量强大时就要避其锋芒保存实力。


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怒而挠之，卑而骄之，

对方暴躁易怒就可以撩拨他怒而失去理智，对方自卑而谨慎就使他骄傲自大，


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佚而劳之，亲而离之，

对方体力充沛就使其劳累，对方内部亲密团结就挑拨离间，


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攻其无备，出其不意。

要攻打对方没有防备的地方，在对方没有料到的时机发动进攻。


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此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

这些都是军事家克敌制胜的诀窍，不可先传泄于人也。


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夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；

在未战之前，经过周密的分析计算，如果结论是我方占据的有利条件多，夺取胜利的机会便大;


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未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。

如果结论是我方占据的有利条件少，则得胜的机会亦较少。


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多算胜，少算不胜，而况于无算乎！

多做比较计算，对敌我方面的形势就越有把握，少做比较计算就越没有把握，更何况毫无计算比较呢？


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吾以此观之，胜负见矣。　

仅根据庙算的结果，不用实战，胜负就显而易见了。