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不知军之不可以退而谓之退，是谓縻军；

不知道军队不可以后退而下令后退，这叫做束缚军队；


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不知三军之事而同三军之政，则军士惑矣；

不知道军队的战守之事、内部事务而同理三军之政，将士们会无所适从；


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不知三军之权而同三军之任，则军士疑矣。

不知道军队战略战术的权宜变化，却干预军队的指挥，将士就会疑虑。


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三军既惑且疑，则诸侯之难至矣。

军队既无所适从，又疑虑重重，诸侯就会趁机兴兵作难。


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是谓乱军引胜。　

这就是自乱其军，坐失胜机。


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故知胜有五：

所以，预见胜利有五个方面：


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知可以战与不可以战者胜，

能准确判断仗能打或不能打的，胜；


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《孙子兵法》谋攻第三②

整章朗读


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识众寡之用者胜，

知道根据敌我双方兵力的多少采取对策者，胜；


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故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，

所以，在实际作战中运用的原则是：我十倍于敌，就实施围歼，五倍于敌就实施进攻，


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上下同欲者胜，

全国上下，全军上下，意愿一致、同心协力的，胜；


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倍则分之，敌则能战之，

两倍于敌就要努力战胜敌军，势均力敌则设法分散各个击破之。


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以虞待不虞者胜，

以有充分准备来对付毫无准备的，胜；


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少则能逃之，不若则能避之。

兵力比敌人少就要退却，实力不如敌人就要避免决战。


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将能而君不御者胜。

主将精通军事、精于权变，君主又不加干预的，胜。


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故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。　

所以，弱小的一方若死拼固守，那就会成为强大敌人的俘虏。


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此五者，知胜之道也。

以上就是预见胜利的方法。


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夫将者，国之辅也。

将帅，国家之辅助也。


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故曰：知己知彼，百战不贻；

所以说：了解敌方也了解自己，每一次战斗都不会有危险；


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辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。

辅助之谋缜密周详，则国家必然强大，辅助之谋疏漏失当，则国家必然衰弱。


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不知彼而知己，一胜一负；

不了解对方但了解自己，胜负的机率各半；


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故君之所以患于军者三：

所以，国君对军队的危害有三种：


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不知彼不知己，每战必败。　

既不了解对方又不了解自己，每战必败。 


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不知军之不可以进而谓之进，

不知道军队不可以前进而下令前进，