Chapter One 文章开头句型
　　1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题.
　　例如(e.g)
　　[1]. When asked about….., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ……. But I think/view a bit differently.
　　[2]. When it comes to …. , some people bielive that ……. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter …)
　　[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that …. They claim/ believe/argue that … But I wonder/doubt whether…..
　　1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .
　　e.g
　　[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) … has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.
　　[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of …has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)
　　[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality … is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
　　1-3 观点法：开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as … Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than…
　　[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that…
　　[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to……Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ……
　　[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that…….
　　1-4 引用法：先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!。
　　e.g:
　　[1]. “Knowledge is power.” such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people .
　　”Education is not complete with gradulation.” Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.
　　[2].”………” How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this .
　　In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this “……”.
　　1-5 比较法：通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.。
　　e.g:
　　[1]. For years, …had been viewed as … But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing … , people ……. .
　　[2]. People used to think that … (In the past, ….) But people now share this new.
　　1-6 故事法：先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt …. The phenemenon of … has aroused public concern.
　　[2]. I have a friend who … Should he …. ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.
　　[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who … This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.
　　1-7 问题法：先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.
　　e.g:
　　Should/What …… ? Options of … vary greatly , some …, others …
　　But in my opinion , …… .
　　Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型
　　原因结果分析
　　2-1-1. 基本原因： 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Why … ? For one thing.. For another …
　　[2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing… For another…… Still another …
　　[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect …. /both individual and social contribute to ….
　　2-1-2 另一原因： 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Another important factor is ….
　　[2]. … is also responsible for the change/problem.
　　[3]. Certainly , the … is not the sole reason for …..
　　2-1-3 后果影响： 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .
　　e.g:
　　[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on….
　　[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ……..
　　比较对照句型
　　2-2-1. 两者比较 ：比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 。
　　e.g:
　　[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.
　　[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.
　　[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.
　　2-2-2 . 两者相同/相似： 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用。
　　e.g:
　　[1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that…..
　　[2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B.
　　Chapter Three 文章结尾形式
　　3-1 结论性：通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .
　　e.g:
　　[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that …..
　　[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable …….
　　3-2 后果性：揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of … , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of …….
　　[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger.
　　3-3 号召性： 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ……
　　[2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.
　　3-4 建议性：对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法 .
　　e.g:
　　[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is …. Another method is … Still another one is …..
　　[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.
　　3-5 方向性的结尾方式： 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .
　　[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.
　　[3]. The great challenge today is …… There is much difficulty , but ……..
　　3–6 意义性的结尾方式 ：文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义。
　　e.g:
　　[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit …..
　　[2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ..