高三英语课文 > Unit 22 Bees

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After a short time a line of bees fly to and from the hive like a thin stream.
过不了一会儿，一队蜜蜂像一条小溪一样在蜂箱和喂食点之间来往飞行。
Centuries ago, the word beeline was made to describe this thin line of bees flying through the air.
几百年前，有人用beeline 这个词来描写蜜蜂在空中飞行的细窄路线。
From this we get the expression to make a beeline for someone or something, which means to go quickly along a straight direct course for someone or something.
从这里我们得到一条短语"to make a beeline for someone or something，意思是迅速地沿着一条直线向某人或某物走去。
For his lifentime’s work in studying the communication of animals, including honey bees, Professor Karl von Frisch was given a Nobel Prize in 1973, which he shared with two other scientists. He died in 1982.
由于卡尔·冯·弗里施教授一生都在研究蜜蜂在内的动物之间信息的传递，他和另外两位科学家在1973被授予一项诺贝尔奖。他于1982年去世。
They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movements.
它们成群结队跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿着它的动作。
Then the bees left the hive and went to the feeding place.
然后那些蜜蜂离开蜂箱，飞到喂食点去。
The circle dance seemed to communicate news of food.
圆圈舞蹈好像是传递食物信息。
But what else?
但它还传递别的什么呢？
Von Frisch wanted to find out whether the dance told them how far away the feeding place was.
冯·弗里施想弄清舞蹈是否告诉它们离喂食点有多远。
So he set up two feeding places.
因此，他建造了两个喂食点。
One was close to the hive.
一个靠近蜂箱。
The other was much farther away from the hive.
另一个远离蜂箱。
He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue, and all the bees that went to the faraway place were marked red.
他把所有飞来近处喂食点的蜜蜂标上蓝色，飞往远处喂食点的蜜蜂标上红色。
When the bees came back to the hive, Von Frisch saw a curious sight.
当蜜蜂返回蜂箱时，冯·弗里施看到一个奇特的现象。
All the bees that had been at the nearby place were doing the circling dance.
所有在近处点的蜜蜂在跳一种完全不同的舞蹈，一种摇摆舞。
All the bees that had been at the distant feeding place were doing a completely different dance, a wagging dance.
所有在近处点的蜜蜂在跳一种完全不同的舞蹈，一种摇摆舞。
The dancer ran in a straight line, wagging from side to side.
跳舞的蜜蜂左右摇摆地沿直线飞。
Then it turned in a semicircle, ran straight again, and turned in another semicircle to the opposite side.
然后转一个半圈，再沿直线飞，再朝反方向转个半圈。
It kept repeating the steps over and over.
蜜蜂一而再，再而三地重复它的"舞步。
Things were clear now.
事情现在清楚了。
The circle dance meant that food was near.
圆圈舞表示食物在附近。
The wagging dance meant that food was far away.
摇摆舞表示食物在远处。
But then another question came up.
但是另一个问题出现了。
Did the wagging dance tell the bees how far away the food was?
摇摆舞有没有告诉蜜蜂食物到蜂箱的距离有多远？
To answer this question, von Frisch and his coworkers set up a feeding place close to the hive.
为了回答这个问题，冯·弗里施和他的同伴在蜂箱附近建起了一个喂食点。
Then they slowly moved it farther and farther away.
然后，他们慢慢地把它移得越来越远。
Back at the hive they watched the wagging dance closely.
他们回到蜂箱旁，仔细观察摇摆舞。
With a stopwatch, they counted how many times the bees repeated the dance during one minute.
他们用秒表记录蜜蜂在一分钟内重复舞蹈的次数。
They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.
他们发现离喂食点越远，蜜蜂就跳得越慢。
So another astonishing fact came to light.
于是又发现了一个惊人的事实。
The number of wagging dances per minute told the exact distance to the feeding place.
每分钟跳摇摆舞的次数说明了到喂食点的精确距离。
They also found out that bees fly a maximum distance of 3.2 kilometres between their hive and a feeding place.
他们还发现蜜蜂从蜂箱到喂食点的最大飞行距离是3。2公里。
Next Von Frisch thought that bees needed to know more than just the distance to a faraway place.
接着，冯·弗里施认为蜜蜂不仅需要知道到远的喂食点的距离。
He thought they needed to know the direction to it.
它们还需要知道去那里的方向。
He set out to discover whether the wagging dance showed direction.
他开始着手找出摇摆舞是否表示方向。
He put a glass dish with sugar water and honey to the west of the hive. A marked bee fed itself from the dish and returned to the hive.
他在蜂箱的西面放一个装有糖水和蜜蜂的玻璃碟子。
Soon, the bees in the hive flew out.They flew right to the dish.
很快，蜂箱里的蜜蜂飞了出来，它们径直朝碟子飞去。
Then Von Frisch moved the dish to the east of the hive and waited for a marked bee to feed.
然后，冯·弗里施把碟子移到蜂箱的西边，等待有标记的蜜蜂来吃。
Again the bees flew right to the dish.
蜜蜂又一次径直向碟子飞去。
How did the bees know exactly in which diection to fly?
蜜蜂是怎样确切地知道朝哪个方向飞呢？
Von Frisch watched the wagging dance very carefully.
冯·弗里施非常仔细地观察蜜蜂跳的摇摆舞。
He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from what it had been in the morning.
他注意到下午舞蹈的直线部分与上午的不一样。
It soon became clear that the straight part of the dance changed when the sun’s position changed. If the feeding place was toward the sun, the dancer headed straight upward during the straight part of the wagging dance.
情况很快就弄清了，舞蹈的直线部分是随着太阳位置的变化而变化的。
If the feeding place was away from the sun, the straight part of the wagging dance pointed downward.
如果喂食地点向着太阳，跳舞的蜜蜂在跳摇摆舞时直线部分就一直向上。
The wagging dance of the honey bee, therefore, did show the direction of a feeding place.
如果喂食地点背离太阳，摇摆舞的直线部分就朝下。因此，蜜蜂的摇摆舞的确表示喂食点的方向。
When honey bees have discovered a feeding place, they fly directly to it from the hive.
当蜜蜂发现一个喂食点时，它们从蜂箱直接飞往那里。
There are many different varieties of bee.
有很多不同种类的蜂。
Some live in large groups like the honey bee, and make their nests in trees or holes in the rocks.
有些蜂如蜜蜂是群居在一起，在树上或岩洞里筑巢。
Other types of bee make their nests in holes in the ground.
其他种类的蜂在地穴里筑巢。
There are also other varieties that do not live in groups at all.
还有别的类型的蜂，它们全然不过群体生活。
Among the different types of bee, it is the honey bee that has most interested scientists because of the language they use to communicate with each other.
在这些不同种类的蜂中，因为蜜蜂能用"语言相互传递信息，科学家们对它们最感兴趣。
The development of the modern beehive in 1851 made it possible to design experiments to research the language of honey bees.
1851年现代蜂箱研制出来后，这才有可能来设计实验，研究蜜蜂的语言。
Professor Karl von Frisch, an Austrian scientist, spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey bees communicate in their dark hives.
卡尔·冯·弗里施教授，一位澳大利亚科学家，一生中花了许多年的时间来研究蜜蜂在暗巢里互传信息的有趣方法。
After working with bees for many years, Professor Von Frisch was puzzled by something he had noticed again and again.
在和蜜蜂打了多年的交道后，冯·弗里施教授对他反复注意到的事感到迷惑。
When he placed little dishes of honey on a table, bees soon same.
当他把装有蜂蜜的小碟放在桌上时，蜜蜂很快就飞来。
As soon as one bee discovered the honey, many more came to it one after another in a short time.
一旦有一只蜜蜂发现了蜂蜜，在短时间内就有许许多多的蜜蜂一个接一个地飞向那里。
It seemed that one bee was able to communicate the news of food to other bees in its hive.
似乎一只蜜蜂能够把食物的信息传递给蜂箱里的其他蜜蜂。
How was this possible?
这种传递是怎样进行的呢？
To find out, Von Frisch built special hives, each with only one honeycomb.
为了查明真相，冯·弗里施建造了特殊的蜂箱，每个蜂箱里仅有一个蜂窝。
He built a glass wall through which he could watch what went on inside.
他建造一堵玻璃墙，透过玻璃墙他能够观察里面发生的事情。
In order to tell the bees apart, he painted some bees with little spots of colour.
为了区别这些蜜蜂，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上小色点。
When a marked bee returned to the hive from the feeding table, Von Frisch watched through the glass.
当一只有记号的蜜蜂从喂食桌回到蜂箱时。
To his astonishment, the bee began to perform a dance on the surface of the honeycomb.
冯·弗里施就透过玻璃进行观察。
First it made a circle to the right, then to the left.
令他吃惊的是，蜜蜂开始在蜂窝的表面表演一种舞蹈。
It repeated these circles over and over again.
它首先向右飞一个圆圈，然后向左飞一个圆圈。
But that was not all.
它一再重复这些圆圈。
The dance seemed to excite the surrounding bees.
但那舞蹈另有含义，好像是在吸引周围的蜜蜂的注意。
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