一般过去时与现在完成时

在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时,要用一般过去时。在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时,则要用现在完成时,时间状语可以是不特指的 now,just或者for 引导的一段时间,或者不加任何时间状语。 一般过去时与现在完成时的共同点:动作在过去都做过了;区别:过去式只能强调过去的事,  和现在没有任何关系.

I ate a piece of bread.

现在完成时, 强调过去的事情对现在产生的影响.

I have eaten a piece of bread this morning. I’m not hungry.

The clock stopped.   陈述事实

The clock has stopped.   过去的事实对现在造成影响

It snowed yesterday.

It has snowed yesterday.   强调对现在造成影响

 

带way的短语

in the way  按照,以……方式

Do your work in the way I have shown you.   按我给你示范的方法来做你的工作。

I do the work in the way you showed me.

I fly the kite in the way you showed me.

in the/one’s way    挡路;妨碍(某人)

Sorry, you are in the way.(在口语中很少用, 一般直接用Excuse me.就可以了)

Don’t stand in the way. I can’t see the blackboard.

in this way    这样,以这种方式

He saves old envelopes. In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.

in a way    从某种意义上来说,在某种程度上

In a way, you are kind.

in a friendly way    用友好的方式

in the family way    怀孕了, 快有小孩了(have a baby)

The woman is in the family way.

by the way    随便说一声, 随便问一下(插入语,改变话题时用)

By the way, have you seen Harry recently?

on the/one’s way(to)    在去……的途中(陈述句) :

on the way to school/the office;on the way home

out of the way    让路

Get out of the way!    你给我滚出去!

get one’s own way    随心所欲 (at one’s pleasure)

Children get their own way during the holidays.

 

关于系动词 :

一般来说,  如 be become  一定不单独使用, 往往要在后面加上表语, 我们称它为系动词.  但另外还有一些系动词同时又是不及物的实义动词, 常见的有 : seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get, prove, stand等, 这些词有的语法书上称为半联系动词.

1.Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. 平赫斯特离锡尔伯里只有5英里,但詹姆斯·斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机,所以他买了12只鸽子。

本句话由3个分句组成,转折连词but引导的句子与前面的句子是并列关系,so引导的句子表示结果。

 

from表示距离上的相隔,意为“离。从”等,例:

I live far away from my school.

我住的地方离学校很远。

 

2.Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. 昨天,一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫斯特带到锡尔伯里。

from…to…表示从某地到另一个地方。例:

He was in black from crew to earing.

他全身上下都穿着黑衣服。

He sailed from San Francisco for Honolulu.

他从旧金山乘坐轮船去檀香山。

 

message在此意为“信息,信”,例:

There is an important message for you from your brother.

你哥哥有个重要的消息要告诉你。

Christ’s message was that God loved the world.

耶稣基督的启示就是神爱世人。

与message相关的另一个词是messenger,意为“报信者,送信者”,例:

Dawn is the messenger of day.

黎明预示着白天的到来。

The hotel messenger told me that my friend was waiting in the bar.

旅馆通信员告诉我,我的朋友在酒吧间等着呢。

 

3.Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. 到目前为止,斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。

这句话是简单句。sent有两个宾语,分别是requests和messages;from one garage to the other作状语,修饰整个句子。

up to now意为“至今,到目前为止”,一般与现在完成时连用,例:

I haven’t got any letters from him up to now.

直到现在我还没收到过他的信。

 

request作名词时,可表示“请求,需要”,request for 要求;对…有请求。例:

He never refuses a request for help; he has a heart of gold.

他从不拒绝别人的求助,他是个好心肠的人。

 

a great many在此为形容词短语。many单独使用时前面不加a,但加了great/good等形容词后,前面要加a,其修饰的名词、其后的谓语动词都用复数形式,例:

The pear tree in the yard bore a great many pears last year.

院子里的梨树去年结了很多梨子。

He made a great many mistakes.

他犯了许多的错误。

a great many还可以作代词短语用,例:

A great many (of the) graduates have found jobs.

毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。

 

4.In this way, he has begun his own private ‘telephone’ service. 就这样,他开始了自己的私人“电话”业务。

in this way这样,用这种方法。例:

Only in this way can we win the game.

只有这样我们才能获胜。

 

service作为不可数名词时,通常表示商店、旅馆或餐馆对顾客、旅客的服务,也可指社会等公益事业服务机构为人们所提供的服务;它作为可数名词时,可指某人为别人(社会、政府)所采取的行动、工作或帮助,例:

The Post Office aims to improve its quality of service.

邮局锐意改善服务质量。

You have done me a great service.

你帮了我很大的忙

service原指公用事业的业务,引申可指“公用设施,公用机构”。课文中的“‘telephone’ service” 实际上是个大词,有一种幽默感。

★pigeon    n. 鸽子

It’s not my pigeon. =None of my business.   不关我的事。

★message    n. (口头或书面的)信息

Here is a message for you from your sister.

an oral/written message    口信/便条

leave sb. a message    给……留便条

I’ll leave you a message.

take a message for sb.    替某人捎口信

Can I take a message for you?     我能替你捎个口信吗?

Can you take a message for me?    你能替我捎个口信吗?

take a message to sb.    给某人口信

打电话 :

Hello!–‡May I have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?

–‡Can you take a message for me?

information   n. 信息(不可数)

messenger   n. 送信人,信使

★cover    v. 越过;覆盖

① vt. 盖,覆盖

Snow covered the whole village.

She covered the child with a coat.   她给孩子盖了件外衣。

② vt. 行过(一段距离),走过(通常不用被动语态)

cover+距离    越过……

You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.

③ n. 覆盖物,盖子,罩子,套子

Put a cover on the box!

★distance    n. 距离

keep distance   保持距离

distant    adj.远距离的

Can I share this table?

Can I join you?

importance  n. 重要    important  adj. 重要的

difference  n. 不同      different  adj. 不同的

★request     n. 要求, 请求

① n.

request for    对……有请求, 有需求

I have a request for the cake.

He granted my request for more time.   他同意了我延长时间的请求。

She sent a request for help to Gary.   她向加里请求帮助。

② v. 要求, 请求

request sb.to do sth. =ask sb.to do sth.  要求某人做……

require sb.to do sth.   要求某人做……

You are required/asked to do sth.    (对人要求习惯用被动语态)

★spare   adj. 备用的

① vt. 抽出(时间等),让给

Have you got five minutes to spare?

I cannot spare the time.

I have no time to spare.

② vt. 饶恕,赦免

The robbers spared his life.

‘Share me!’begged the prisoner.

③ adj. 多余的,空闲的,剩下的,备用的

You can sleep in the spare bedroom.

Where can I get spare parts for this machine?

I have no spare time now.

‘Have you any old clothes that you do not want?’ he asked.

=‘Have you any old clothes to spare?’he asked.

★service    n. 业务, 服务

service 作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务;作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作。

The service in that hotel is quite good.

You have done me a great service.

service既可以指公用事业的业务,如:the mail service(邮政业务)、the telephone service(电话业务);也可指办这些业务的机构,如:a travel service(旅行社)、a news service(通讯社)。

At your service. = Glad to be at your service. = I am glad to be at your service.

我很乐意为您效劳.

serve    v. 服务, 接待

——Thank you.

——You are welcome.(下次又需要再来找我)/Not at all.(根本完全不用谢)/That’s (all)right./That’s ok.(绝对正确, 绝对过时)/(It’s) My pleasure.(我很高兴这么做, 把自己放得很低, 把对方抬得很高)

Thank you for your listening.在讲课, 演讲结束时说, 即感谢大家的合作的概念(应以鼓掌回应) 情急之下, 可用No thanks.回答

——Sorry.  ——No sorry.

整课朗读
Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.
詹姆斯。斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部,现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另一个汽车修理部。
Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury,
平赫特离锡尔伯里只有5英里,
but Mr.Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.
但詹姆斯。斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机,所以他买了只鸽子。
Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.
昨天,一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里。
The bird covered the distance in three minutes.
这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程。
Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.
到目前为止,斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。
In this way, he has begun his own private ‘ telephone’ service.
就这样,他开始自己的私人“电话”业务。